Coulombic Attraction ‘What variables will affect the force of ateraction between charged particles? Why? Coulombic attraction is the attraction between oppositely charged particles. For example, the protons in the nucleus of an atom have attraction for the electrons surrounding the nucleus. This is because the pro- tons are positive and the electrons are negative. The attractive force can be weak or strong. In this activity, you will explore the strength of attraction between protons and electrons in various atomic structures. Model 1 — Distance and Attractive Force Force of Attraction (Newtons) A 0.10 nm oe 2.30 x 10 0.58 x 104 © 0.26 x 10* 1. What subatomic particles do these symbols represent in Model 1? + ) ®, £ elec foe s 2. Would you expect to observe attraction or repulsion between the subatomic particles in Model 1? Abeba FA 5. consider the dats in Mode a, What are the independent and dependent variables in the data? Distnee Sonu otk Atherhovn 4, Write a complete sentence that describes the observed relationship between the independent and dependent variables in Model 1 Chnotise As dome Masang , Prec atfrfur decreeses 4, If the distance between a proton and electron is 0.50 nm, would you expect the force of attrac- tion to be greater than or less than 0.26 x 10" N? less Rey OU yor® HY 5. IF two protons are 0.10 nm away from one electron, would you expect the force of atcraction to be greater than or less than 2.30 x 10° N? o Grete Hom 2:32 x10-® A/ Coulombic Attraction i!Model 2 - The Alkali Metals Lithium 3pwhes, Sodium 1 peofons Potassium 14 probes Lay Sur of Attraction 6, Consider the diagrams in Model 2. a. What do the arrows represent? Fores of athechm 4, How does the thickness of the arrows relate to the property given in part a? Shay atheebinn bf Hew is a sill dértue. 7. Using a periodic table, locate the elements whose atoms are diagrammed in Model 2. Are the ele- ments in the same column or the same row? Sawe @lumw 8. Circle the ourermost electron in each of the diagrams in Model 2. 4 As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom in Model 2, how does the distance between the outermost electron and the nucleus change? Pistwae Tneneses 4, As you move from the smallest atom to the largest atom in Model 2, how does the attractive force between the outermost electron and the nucleus change? Atlactie Gres decvense 6 Are your answers to parts a and 6 consistent with the information in Model 1? o yes. 2 POGIL" Activities for High School ChemistryModel 3 - Number of Protons and Attractive Force Force of Attraction (Newtons) A ® 0.10 am 2.30 x 104 D & 0.10 am 4.60 x 10% E OD) 0.10 nm 6.90 x 10+ F 0.10 nm ne) 9.20 x 10% 9. Consider the daca in Model 3. 4, What are the independent and dependent variables in the daca? Member of partes one Fone of « thethrs 4b. Write a complete sentence that describes the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in Model 3. iy Ae die wembe, of potas Ineauses, Hy Gre oft «ttn Meaases Cas leyas eT + Asdrree Porn Hu Son } 10. What would be the ateractive force on a single electzon if five protons were in the nucleus of an atom? Show mathematical work co support your answer. 204108) G.30 4108) = NSD e107 11, Imagine that a second electron were placed to the left of a nucleus containing two protons (Model 3, set D). Predict the force of attraction on both the original electron and the second electron. Explain your prediction with a complete sentence. seh Fre Cre of atheefon Ustd olecnase’ shee 2 prrbms ane vio Lewyer a Hele fe oly one elechar , rem How awe Leleclas Le soc 2 pots, Coulombic Attraction 3Read This! ‘The atiractive and repulsive forces in an atom are rather complex. An electron is attracted to the protons in the nucleus, but it is also repelled by the other electrons in the atom. It is important to note however that che ateractive force of the nucleus is NOT divided up among the electrons in the atom. Each electron gets approximately the full attractive force of the nucleus (minus the repulsive effects of other electrons). Compare the diagram below to set D in Model 3. Nocice che similariey in attractive Force. 0.10 nm + 0.10 nm o-+-—-_$_- Wyo approx. 4.60 x 104 (on each electron) 12, What is the approximate attractive force on each electeon below? a 0.10 am C2 0.10 nm a nw 6.900% A 4 POGIL™ Activities for High School ChemistryModel 4 — Period 3 Elements aD Sodium Aluminum Chlorine phe Ds profs, 1% pots 13. Using the periodic rable, locate the elements whose atoms are diagrammed in Model 4, Are the ‘elements in the same column or the same row? Sane Row 14, Circle the outermost electron(s) in each of the atoms in Model 4. 15, Which of the three atoms diagrammed in Model 4 has the strongest attraction for its outermost electron(s)? Chloning Consider the information in Model 4. 4. As you move fiom the smallest atom to the largest atom, does the distance between the outer- ‘most electron(s) and the nucleus change significantly? yw ‘4. Can the differences in the ateractive force shown by the arrows be explained by a change in the distance between the clectron(s) and the nucleus? AW On the diagrams in Model 4, write the number of protons located in the nucleus of each d. Can the differences in attractive forces shown by the arrows in Model 4 be explained by a changin the umber of protons inthe nce ye, pin she elon in Mol 4 oe Pte incase ChiSdre yes. ag Jee GB ermdry He Semel fe gp ihe’ frus Menease. For each set of elements below, circle the element whose atoms will have a stronger actractive force between their outermost electron(s) and the nucleus. a Baan) «G (Ca) (Adina xe ? Aa Coulombic Attraction 5Extension Questions 18. Consider the atom di 4 On each diageam write the number of protons in he nucleus of the atom. 4 When comparing elements in the same column of the periodic table, which factor—distance to the nucleus or number of procons in the nucleus—seems to be the dominant factor for determining the attractive force between the outermost electron(s) and the nucleus? Explain, Disbmee te dle wucleus, Ay dithwe incmuses Me athertnr to He mwclers decreases, evn Hhagh Hre number of prtes Mcrtases . 19. Consider the data presented in Models 1 and 3. 4. Describe the mathematical relationship between the distance (4) and the attractive Force (P) between protons and electrons. Ae Atsbenee treme , He adlactattnetur Cre decrenses, Tewese Relaracltp. 4, Describe the mathematical relationship between the number of protons in the nucleus (Z) and the attractive force (F) between the nucleus and electrons. ee member fh profs Mersese, Hea tctve Gme Inewases as lens as Ad treg remares Hee come, 6 POGIL™ Activities for High School Chemistry